What is a Brain Metastasis?
A brain metastasis is a tumor in the brain that has spread from cancer elsewhere in the body. Unlike primary brain tumors, which originate in the brain itself, metastatic tumors travel through the bloodstream from another location.
Common cancers that can spread to the brain include:
- Lung cancer
- Breast cancer
- Melanoma
- Kidney (renal cell) cancer
- Colon cancer
Are All Brain Metastases the Same?
No. Brain metastases can vary widely depending on the type of primary cancer, as well as how the tumor behaves biologically.
Different cancers have different tendencies:
- Some are more likely to form multiple lesions
- Some are more responsive to radiation or systemic therapy
- Others may be more resistant and require a different strategy
Understanding the origin of the cancer is critical in guiding treatment decisions.
Symptoms of Brain Metastasis
Symptoms depend on the size and location of the tumor, but may include:
- Headaches
- Seizures
- Weakness or numbness
- Vision or speech changes
- Balance or coordination difficulties
How is Treatment Determined?
Treatment of brain metastases is highly individualized. Several important factors are considered, including:
- Number of tumors
- Size and location
- Presence of symptoms
- Overall health and functional status
- Type and control of the primary cancer
Because of these variables, there is no single treatment approach that fits all patients.
Treatment Options
Radiation Therapy / Radiosurgery
Many brain metastases can be treated effectively with focused radiation (stereotactic radiosurgery), which targets the tumor while minimizing exposure to surrounding brain tissue.
Surgery
Surgery may be recommended when:
- The tumor is causing significant symptoms
- There is a need for tissue diagnosis
- A large lesion is creating pressure on the brain
In selected cases, surgery is followed by radiation to reduce the risk of recurrence.
Combination Therapy
Often, the most effective approach is a combination of surgery and radiation, tailored to the patient’s specific situation.
A Multidisciplinary Approach
Treatment of brain metastases requires coordination across multiple specialties. We work closely with:
- Medical oncology
- Radiation oncology
- Neuro-oncology
This team-based approach ensures that both the brain tumor and the underlying cancer are treated in a coordinated and comprehensive way.
Our Approach
We focus on individualized, evidence-based care, selecting the most appropriate treatment based on each patient’s condition and goals.
Whenever possible, we utilize minimally invasive surgical techniques and advanced radiation strategies to maximize effectiveness while minimizing impact on quality of life.
View the approach